ABSTRACT
To select 100 cases of diabetes mellitus type 2 with obesity and record various anthropometric measurements, relevant investigations and to find out whether there is any significant co-relationship between anthropometric measurements, ECG and 2D ECHO-DOPLLER abnormalities. Methods. In all selected cases detailed clinical workup was done. Various anthropometric measurements were taken and relevant investigations done. Cases were instructed to empty their bladder prior to anthropomorphic measurements. Results 12 male cases out of 30 showed ECG changes suggestive of myocardial infarction. In female cases, 22 out of 70 cases studied had ECG suggestive of MI; the differences of number of obese DM type 2 cases was possibly due to random selection 5 female cases with WHR <0.81 had ECG criteria suggestive of myocardial infarction.(6%) female case with WHR 0.81-0.85 had ECG suggestive of myocardial infarction. (34%) female cases with WHR>0.85(N=46) had ECG criteria (QS complex, ST elevation, ST depression T inversion in II.III,AVF ,T inversion in lead I,AVL, V5-V6)suggestive of myocardial infarction.(30%) female cases showed low voltage QRS complex. There was slight decrease in percentage of normal ECG with increases in WHR Conclusion: In obese DM type 2 female cases: there was significant correlationship between the different grade of WHR and LV dysfunction (systolic/diastolic or combined).In obese DM type 2 male cases: although there were abnormalities in ECG and 2D-ECHO DOPPLER study but statistically these were insignificant when correlated with BMI and WHR.
ABSTRACT
Background: In clinical settings, wasting in childhood has primarily been assessed with the use of a weight-for-height z score (WHZ), and in community settings, it has been assessed via the mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) with a cutoff <115mm for severe wasting and 115-125mm for moderate wasting. Our recent experience indicates that many wasted children were not identified when these cutoffs for MUAC were used.Methods: Authors determined the cutoffs for MUAC to detect wasting in Indian children aged 6-60 mo. A secondary analysis was carried out on data from 1446 children aged 6-59 mo. The area under the receiver operating curve was used to indicate the most appropriate choice for cutoffs that related MUAC with WHZ. The MUAC measurement of each subject was taken using standard technique. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) age and sex-specific cut-off points, nutritional status of children was determined.Results: The mean'SD age for the entire group was 19.8'13.6 mo, MUAC was 132'13mm, and 45% of subjects were girls. Age-stratified analyses revealed that, for ages 6-24 mo, MUAC cutoffs were <120mm for a WHZ <-3 and <125mm for a WHZ <-2 with a sensitivity of 68.3% and 64.7%, respectively, and a specificity of 82.6% and 83.4%, respectively; for ages 25-60 mo, MUAC cutoffs were <135mm for a WHZ <-3 and <140mm for a WHZ <-2 with a sensitivity of 63.7% and 65.4%, respectively, and a specificity of 81.6% and 78.3%, respectively.Conclusions: The respective cutoffs for MUAC to better capture the vulnerability and risk of severe (WHZ <-3) and moderate (WHZ <-2) wasting would be <120 and <125mm for ages 6-24 mo, <135 and <140mm for ages 37-60 mo.
ABSTRACT
Young children contract as many as six to eight upper respiratory tract viral infections per year, and these infections frequently lead to secondary bacterial infections such as acute otitis media and sinusitis. Cefprozil is an orally active third generation cephalosporin which has demonstrated activity against the gram-positive organisms Streptococcus pyogenes, pneumoniae and agalactiae and against methicilin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Cefprozil is also active against various gram-ves and certain anaerobic organisms, and is stable to hydrolysis by a number of b-lactamases. Present study is an effort to study the efficacy and safety of cefprozil in children with acute otitis media. Three hundred and thirty four children aged 6 months through 12 years with clinical symptoms and tympanic membrane signs of AOM received cefprozil 30 mg/kg/day in two divided doses per day for 10 days. Clinically, 96.6% patients were cured, 2.4% improved and there was failure of therapy in 1% of the patients. There was no need for any rescue medication and any change in antibiotic in any patient. A satisfactory bacteriological outcome was (i.e. cure, presumed cure, and cure plus reinfection with a different pathogen) was achieved in 95% of patients. In conclusion, cefprozil is a well tolerated and effective drug for acute otitis media in children. Moreover, its expanded spectrum of activity, ability to achieve adequate concentrations in tissues, suitability for twice-daily dosing, and proven tolerability suggest that it is a better alternative to agents conventionally used in acute otitis media.